php实现获取汉字的首字母两个实例
要获取汉字首字母的方法有很多,这个我们一般要把汉字分出来然后转换成拼音,然后再利用substr取第一个字母了,下面我网上找到两个实例,各有千秋大家一起来看看吧.
例1,主要功能是:功能明确,易于修改维护和扩展；英文的字串:不变返回(包括数字)；中文字符串:返回拼音首字符； 中英混合串:返回拼音首字符和英文,该算法采用了二分法查找,修复了之前字母Z读取成Y的错误,代码如下:
<?php
/**
* 修复二分法查找方法
* 汉字拼音首字母工具类
* 注： 英文的字串：不变返回(包括数字) eg .abc123 => abc123
* 中文字符串：返回拼音首字符 eg. 测试字符串 => CSZFC
* 中英混合串: 返回拼音首字符和英文 eg. 我i我j => WIWJ
* eg.
* $py = new str2PY();
* $result = $py->getInitials('啊吧才的饿飞就好i就看了吗你哦平去人是他uv我想一在');
*/
class str2PY {
private $_pinyins = array(
176161 => 'A',
176197 => 'B',
178193 => 'C',
180238 => 'D',
182234 => 'E',
183162 => 'F',
184193 => 'G',
185254 => 'H',
187247 => 'J',
191166 => 'K',
192172 => 'L',
194232 => 'M',
196195 => 'N',
197182 => 'O',
197190 => 'P',
198218 => 'Q',
200187 => 'R',
200246 => 'S',
203250 => 'T',
205218 => 'W',
206244 => 'X',
209185 => 'Y',
212209 => 'Z',
);
private $_charset = null;
/**
* 构造函数, 指定需要的编码 default: utf-8
* 支持utf-8, gb2312
*
* @param unknown_type $charset
*/
public function __construct($charset = 'utf-8') {
$this->_charset = $charset;
}
/**
* 中文字符串 substr
*
* @param string $str
* @param int $start
* @param int $len
* @return string
*/
private function _msubstr($str, $start, $len) {
$start = $start * 2;
$len = $len * 2;
$strlen = strlen($str);
$result = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < $strlen; $i++) {
if ($i >= $start && $i < ($start + $len)) {
if (ord(substr($str, $i, 1)) > 129) $result.= substr($str, $i, 2);
else $result.= substr($str, $i, 1);
}
if (ord(substr($str, $i, 1)) > 129) $i++;
}
return $result;
}
/**
* 字符串切分为数组 (汉字或者一个字符为单位)
*
* @param string $str
* @return array
*/
private function _cutWord($str) {
$words = array();
while ($str != "") {
if ($this->_isAscii($str)) { /*非中文*/
$words[] = $str[0];
$str = substr($str, strlen($str[0]));
} else {
$word = $this->_msubstr($str, 0, 1);
$words[] = $word;
$str = substr($str, strlen($word));
}
}
return $words;
}
/**
* 判断字符是否是ascii字符
*
* @param string $char
* @return bool
*/
private function _isAscii($char) {
return (ord(substr($char, 0, 1)) < 160);
}
/**
* 判断字符串前3个字符是否是ascii字符
*
* @param string $str
* @return bool
*/
private function _isAsciis($str) {
$len = strlen($str) >= 3 ? 3 : 2;
$chars = array();
for ($i = 1; $i < $len - 1; $i++) {
$chars[] = $this->_isAscii($str[$i]) ? 'yes' : 'no';
}
$result = array_count_values($chars);
if (emptyempty($result['no'])) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 获取中文字串的拼音首字符
*
* @param string $str
* @return string
*/
public function getInitials($str) {
if (emptyempty($str)) return '';
if ($this->_isAscii($str[0]) && $this->_isAsciis($str)) {
return $str;
}
$result = array();
if ($this->_charset == 'utf-8') {
$str = iconv('utf-8', 'gb2312', $str);
}
$words = $this->_cutWord($str);
foreach ($words as $word) {
if ($this->_isAscii($word)) { /*非中文*/
$result[] = $word;
continue;
}
$code = ord(substr($word, 0, 1)) * 1000 + ord(substr($word, 1, 1));
/*获取拼音首字母A--Z*/
if (($i = $this->_search($code)) != - 1) {
$result[] = $this->_pinyins[$i];
}
}
return strtoupper(implode('', $result));
}
private function _getChar($ascii) {
if ($ascii >= 48 && $ascii <= 57) {
return chr($ascii); /*数字*/
} elseif ($ascii >= 65 && $ascii <= 90) {
return chr($ascii); /* A--Z*/
} elseif ($ascii >= 97 && $ascii <= 122) {
return chr($ascii - 32); /* a--z*/
} else {
return '-'; /*其他*/
}
}
/**
* 查找需要的汉字内码(gb2312) 对应的拼音字符( 二分法 )
*
* @param int $code
* @return int
*/
private function _search($code) {
$data = array_keys($this->_pinyins);
$lower = 0;
$upper = sizeof($data) - 1;
$middle = (int)round(($lower + $upper) / 2);
if ($code < $data[0]) return -1;
for (;;) {
if ($lower > $upper) {
return $data[$lower - 1];
}
$tmp = (int)round(($lower + $upper) / 2);
if (!isset($data[$tmp])) {
return $data[$middle];
} else {
$middle = $tmp;
}
if ($data[$middle] < $code) {
$lower = (int)$middle + 1;
} else if ($data[$middle] == $code) {
return $data[$middle];
} else {
$upper = (int)$middle - 1;
}
}
}
}
?>例2,取汉字的asc区间然后返回汉字首字母了,代码如下:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<?php
function getfirstchar($s0) {
$fchar = ord($s0{0});
if ($fchar >= ord("A") and $fchar <= ord("z")) return strtoupper($s0{0});
$s1 = iconv("UTF-8", "gb2312", $s0);
$s2 = iconv("gb2312", "UTF-8", $s1);
if ($s2 == $s0) {
$s = $s1;
} else {
$s = $s0;
}
$asc = ord($s{0}) * 256 + ord($s{1}) - 65536;
if ($asc >= - 20319 and $asc <= - 20284) return "A";
if ($asc >= - 20283 and $asc <= - 19776) return "B";
if ($asc >= - 19775 and $asc <= - 19219) return "C";
if ($asc >= - 19218 and $asc <= - 18711) return "D";
if ($asc >= - 18710 and $asc <= - 18527) return "E";
if ($asc >= - 18526 and $asc <= - 18240) return "F";
if ($asc >= - 18239 and $asc <= - 17923) return "G";
if ($asc >= - 17922 and $asc <= - 17418) return "I";
if ($asc >= - 17417 and $asc <= - 16475) return "J";
if ($asc >= - 16474 and $asc <= - 16213) return "K";
if ($asc >= - 16212 and $asc <= - 15641) return "L";
if ($asc >= - 15640 and $asc <= - 15166) return "M";
if ($asc >= - 15165 and $asc <= - 14923) return "N";
if ($asc >= - 14922 and $asc <= - 14915) return "O";
if ($asc >= - 14914 and $asc <= - 14631) return "P";
if ($asc >= - 14630 and $asc <= - 14150) return "Q";
if ($asc >= - 14149 and $asc <= - 14091) return "R";
if ($asc >= - 14090 and $asc <= - 13319) return "S";
if ($asc >= - 13318 and $asc <= - 12839) return "T";
if ($asc >= - 12838 and $asc <= - 12557) return "W";
if ($asc >= - 12556 and $asc <= - 11848) return "X";
if ($asc >= - 11847 and $asc <= - 11056) return "Y";
if ($asc >= - 11055 and $asc <= - 10247) return "Z";
return null;
}
function pinyin1($zh) {
$ret = "";
$s1 = iconv("UTF-8", "gb2312", $zh);
$s2 = iconv("gb2312", "UTF-8", $s1);
if ($s2 == $zh) {
$zh = $s1;
}
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($zh); $i++) {
$s1 = substr($zh, $i, 1);
$p = ord($s1);
if ($p > 160) {
$s2 = substr($zh, $i++, 2);
$ret.= getfirstchar($s2);
} else {
$ret.= $s1;
}
}
return $ret;
}
echo "这是中文字符串<br/>";
echo pinyin1('这是中文字符串');
?>本文地址：http://www.phprm.com/develop/fs3733.html
转载随意，但请附上文章地址:-)