php入门教程之面向对象
第一种情况:子类没有定义构造函数时,默认继承。
第二种情况:子类定义了构造函数,则不会被继承。
对于4.x,如果父类恰好定义了子类的同名函数,则会被当做子类的构造函数,实例代码如下:
class A { function A() { echo "I am the constructor of A.<br>n"; } function B() { echo "I am a regular function named B in class A.<br>n"; echo "I am not a constructor in A.<br>n"; } } class B extends A { function C() { echo "I am a regular function.<br>n"; } } //php4 will call B() $b = new B;
上面的代码在php5中则会调用A而不会调用B()
PHP面向对象:接口实例
我们设计一个在线销售系统,用户部分设计如下,将用户分为,NormalUser, VipUser, InnerUser三种,要求根据用户的不同折扣计算用户购买产品的价格,并要求为以后扩展和维护预留空间,用户部分先声明了一个接口User,用户都是User的实现。
user.php代码如下:
<?php /* * 定义了 User接口. * 和子类 NormalUser,VipUser,InnerUser */ //User接口,定义了三个抽象方法. interface User { public function getName(); public function setName($_name); public function getDiscount(); } abstract class AbstractUser implements User { private $name = ""; //名字 protected $discount = 0; //折扣 protected $grade = ""; //级别 public function __construct($_name) { $this->setName($_name); } public function getName() { return $this->name; } public function setName($_name) { $this->name = $_name; } public function getDiscount() { return $this->discount; } public function getGrade() { return $this->grade; } } class NormalUser extends AbstractUser { protected $discount = 1.0; protected $grade = "NormalUser"; } class VipUser extends AbstractUser { protected $discount = 0.8; protected $grade = "VipUser"; } class InnerUser extends AbstractUser { protected $discount = 0.7; protected $grade = "InnerUser"; } ?>
关于产品,我们进行了如下设计,声明一个接口Product,然后从Product继承下Book接口,在线销售的图书最后是实现了Book接口的BookOnline类。
Product.php代码如下:
<?php /*与产品相关的类放.*/ Interface Product { //定义产品接口 public function getProductName(); public function getProductPrice(); } interface Book extends Product { // book是产品的一个分类 public function getAuthor(); } class BookOnline implements Book { // 定义book类. private $productName; // 产品名 private $productPrice; // 产品价格 private $author; //作者 public function __construct($_bookName) { $this->productName = $_bookName; //这里放置相关初始化的代码. //与数据库关联的代码. } public function getProductName() { return $this->productName; } public function getProductPrice() { //这里从数据库读取价格. //假设价格是 100元. $this->productPrice = 100; return $this->productPrice; } public function getAuthor() { //从数据库里面取值. return $this->author; } } ?>
关于结算,我们使用了独立的结算类,使用静态方法做计算,产品结算,注意参数类型,代码如下:
<?php include_once ("User.php"); include_once ("Product.php"); //买了产品到底多少钱呢? class ProductSettle { public static function finalPrice(User $_user, Product $_product, $number = 1) { $price = $_user->getDiscount() * $_product->getProductPrice() * $number; return $price; } } ?>
下面的例子是实现,大家可以自己分析下,实例代码如下:
<?php include_once ("./class/User.php"); include_once ("./class/Product.php"); include_once ("./class/ProductSettle.php"); $number = 10; $book = new BookOnline("设计模式"); $user = new NormalUser("Tom"); $price = ProductSettle::finalPrice($user, $book, $number); $str = "您好,尊敬的用户 " . $user->getName() . " <br>"; $str.= "您的级别是 " . $user->getGrade() . ", <br>"; $str.= "您的折扣是 " . $user->getDiscount() . "<br>"; $str.= "购买 $number 本 《 " . $book->getProductName(); $str.= "》的价格是 $price <br><br>"; echo $str; $user = new vipUser("Tom"); $price = ProductSettle::finalPrice($user, $book, $number); $str = "您好,尊敬的用户 " . $user->getName() . " <br>"; $str.= "您的级别是 " . $user->getGrade() . ", <br>"; $str.= "您的折扣是 " . $user->getDiscount() . "<br>"; $str.= "购买 $number 本 《 " . $book->getProductName(); $str.= "》的价格是 $price <br><br>"; echo $str; $user = new InnerUser("Tom"); $price = ProductSettle::finalPrice($user, $book, $number); $str = "您好,尊敬的用户 " . $user->getName() . " <br>"; $str.= "您的级别是 " . $user->getGrade() . ", <br>"; $str.= "您的折扣是 " . $user->getDiscount() . "<br>"; $str.= "购买 $number 本 《 " . $book->getProductName(); $str.= "》的价格是 $price <br><br>"; echo $str; ?>
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